CISA.gov
3 months 2 weeks ago

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • CVSS v4 5.9
  • ATTENTION: Exploitable from an adjacent network/low attack complexity
  • Vendor: ZF
  • Equipment: RSSPlus
  • Vulnerability: Authentication Bypass By Primary Weakness
2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow an unauthenticated attacker to remotely (proximal/adjacent with RF equipment) call diagnostic functions which could impact both the availability and integrity.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following versions of RSSPlus are affected:

  • RSSPlus 2M: build dates 01/08 through at least 01/23
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW 3.2.1

The affected product is vulnerable to an authentication bypass vulnerability targeting deterministic RSSPlus SecurityAccess service seeds, which may allow an attacker to remotely (proximal/adjacent with RF equipment or via pivot from J2497 telematics devices) call diagnostic functions intended for workshop or repair scenarios. This can impact system availability, potentially degrading performance or erasing software, however the vehicle remains in a safe vehicle state.

has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ().

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for . A base score of 5.9 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ().

3.3 BACKGROUND
  • CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Transportation Systems
  • COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
  • COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Germany
3.4 RESEARCHER

National Motor Freight Traffic Association, Inc. (NMFTA) researchers Ben Gardiner and Anne Zachos reported this vulnerability to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

To most effectively mitigate general vulnerabilities of the powerline communication, any trucks, trailers, and tractors utilizing J2497 technology should disable all features where possible, except for backwards-compatibility with LAMP ON detection only. Users acquiring new trailer equipment should migrate all diagnostics to newer trailer bus technology. Users acquiring new tractor equipment should remove support for reception of any J2497 message other than LAMP messages.

ZF recommends:

  • Moving away from security access and implementing the latest security feature authenticate (0x29)
  • Ensure random numbers are generated from a cryptographically secure hardware true random number generator
  • Adopting modern standards/protocols for truck trailer communication

NMFTA has published detailed information about how to mitigate these issues in the following ways:

  • Install a LAMP ON firewall for each ECU
  • Use a LAMP detect circuit LAMP ON sender with each trailer
  • Change addresses dynamically on each tractor in response to detecting a transmitter on its current address.
  • Install RF chokes on each trailer between chassis ground and wiring ground
  • Load with LAMP keyhole signal on each tractor
  • Flood with jamming signal on each tractor

Please visit for additional details on these and other solutions.

CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of this vulnerability, such as:

  • Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are .
  • Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
  • When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.

CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.

CISA also provides a section for on the ICS webpage on . Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including .

CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for .

Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at in the technical information paper, .

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:

  • Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
  • Refer to for more information on avoiding email scams.
  • Refer to for more information on social engineering attacks.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting this vulnerability has been reported to CISA at this time.

5. UPDATE HISTORY
  • January 21, 2025: Initial Publication
CISA

CISA.gov
3 months 2 weeks ago

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • CVSS v4 7.1
  • ATTENTION: Exploitable from adjacent network
  • Standard: Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) II
  • Equipment: Collision Avoidance Systems
  • Vulnerabilities: Reliance on Untrusted Inputs in a Security Decision, External Control of System or Configuration Setting
2. RISK EVALUATION

Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to manipulate safety systems and cause a denial-of-service condition.

3. TECHNICAL DETAILS 3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS

The following revisions of TCAS II are affected:

  • TCAS II: Versions 7.1 and prior
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW 3.2.1

By utilizing software-defined radios and a custom low-latency processing pipeline, RF signals with spoofed location data can be transmitted to aircraft targets. This can lead to the appearance of fake aircraft on displays and potentially trigger undesired Resolution Advisories (RAs).

has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ().

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for . A base score of 6.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ().

3.2.2

For TCAS II systems using transponders compliant with MOPS earlier than RTCA DO-181F, an attacker can impersonate a ground station and issue a Comm-A Identity Request. This action can set the Sensitivity Level Control (SLC) to the lowest setting and disable the Resolution Advisory (RA), leading to a denial-of-service condition.

has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 8.2 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ().

A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for . A base score of 7.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is ().

3.3 BACKGROUND
  • CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Transportation Systems
  • COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
  • COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: United States
3.4 RESEARCHER

Giacomo Longo and Enrico Russo of Genova University reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Martin Strohmeier and Vincent Lenders of armasuisse reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
Alessio Merlo of Centre for High Defense Studies reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.

4. MITIGATIONS

After consulting with the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the researchers regarding these vulnerabilities, it has been concluded that CVE-2024-11166 can be fully mitigated by upgrading to ACAS X or by upgrading the associated transponder to comply with RTCA DO-181F.

Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2024-9310.

These vulnerabilities in the TCAS II standard are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting.

Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.

No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities are not exploitable remotely. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity.

5. UPDATE HISTORY
  • January 21, 2024: Initial Publication
CISA